Dr. Lina Hendawy 

It's a serious type affecting mainly old patients above 70 years suffering from giant cell arteritis. Giant cell arteritis: Idiopathic...

It occurs commonly in patients between 45 and 60 who are hypertensive, smokers or have high serum lipids. Symptoms: Moderate to severe...

Toxic ampylopia: It's optic nerve damage due to exogenous toxins. Toxins which cause central scotoma as tobacco and ethyl alcohol Toxins...

Clinical picture: As papillitis but there's painful eye movement as SR muscle takes insertion from optic nerve sheath also the fundus...

Acute inflammation of the optic disc. Etiology: Demyelinating disease. Infection : viral or bacterial Extension of infection from CNS or...

Definition: It's a passive non inflammatory edema ( transudate mostly water) of optic disc. Usually due to increase of ICT. In passive...

Definitions and classifications: It is seperation of neurosensory retina ( inner retinal layer) from the retinal pigment epithelium...

Etiology : It's inflammation of lid margin due to infestation with phthirus pubis( the pubic louse) and rarely by the head louse. The...

Etiology: Chronic infection of the lid margin by Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus which is gram negative organism secreting proteolytic...

Pleharitis is a chronic inflammation of the lid margin. Ulcerative blepharitis Etiology: 1- predisposing factors ( old age, diabetes,...

Blepharitis is a chronic inflamation of the lid margin. Squamous blepharitis: Etiology: 1-The condition is essentially metabolic being a...